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<title>Wuwei Chanyu</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wuwei Chanyu</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Wuwei</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="Chanyu" title="Chanyu">Chanyu</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Domain and influence of the Xiongnu</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 114–105 BCE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Yizhixie_Chanyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizhixie Chanyu">Yizhixie Chanyu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Er_Chanyu" title="Er Chanyu">Er Chanyu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 131 BCE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">105 BCE (aged 25–26)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Yizhixie_Chanyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizhixie Chanyu">Yizhixie Chanyu</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Wuwei</b> (<a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">烏維</span>; r. 114–105 BCE) was a <a href="Chanyu" title="Chanyu"><i>chanyu</i></a> of the <a href="Xiongnu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiongnu Empire">Xiongnu Empire</a>. Wuwei succeeded his father <a href="Yizhixie" title="Yizhixie">Yizhixie</a> in 114 BC and died in 105 BC. He was succeeded by his son, <a href="Er_Chanyu" title="Er Chanyu">Er Chanyu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoewe200089_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoewe200089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2></div>

<p>Wuwei Chanyu ruled during the reign of the <a href="Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> emperor <a href="Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Wudi</a> (r. 141–87 BC), after Wudi broke the <i><a href="Heqin" title="Heqin">heqin</a></i> peace and kinship treaty with the Xiongnu. His reign was marked by relative peace, with intensive diplomatic activities. The Xiongnu intended to restore the <i>heqin</i> peace and kinship treaty with the Han empire. In turn the Han Empire wanted to weaken, isolate, and bring the Xiongnu into submission. Neither party succeeded in their main objective, but the Chinese further undermined the Xiongnu's situation by splitting off their <a href="Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a> branch. Wuwei was a son of Yizhixie, and came to the throne by agnatic primogeniture succession. The Chinese annals preserved his title before the enthronement.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>Wuwei Chanyu succeeded his father in 114 BC.

</p><p>In late 111 BC, Gongsun He and Zhao Ponu led 25,000 cavalry against the Xiongnu, but failed to engage them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002159-158_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002159-158-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 110 BC Wudi assembled a 180,000-strong cavalry army in <a href="Shuofang" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuofang">Shuofang</a>, and sent Guo Ji to notify the <i>Chanyu</i> about the mobilization. When Guo Ji arrived, the <i>Chanyu</i>'s master of ceremony asked him about the purpose his arrival. Guo Ji, with polite evasion, said that he wished to disclose it personally to the <i>Chanyu</i>. The <i>Chanyu</i> admitted him. Guo Ji told him: "If the <i>Chanyu</i> is in a position to mount a campaign and fight with the Chinese state, the Son of Sky himself, he is waiting for you at the border with an army; and if he is not in a position to fight, he should turn his face to the south and recognize himself a vassal of the House of Han." Wuwei was so enraged by this ultimatum that he immediately beheaded his master of ceremony and arrested Guo Ji, sending him off to Baikal in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of that, the <i>Chanyu</i> was not inclined to attack the borders of China. Instead he gave rest to the troops and horses, and went hunting.

</p><p>In 110 BC, Wuwei rejected Han suggestions that he should submit to Han authority. At one point Wuwei was persuaded to pay a visit to <a href="Chang'an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> but cancelled the trip when news reached him that an advance Xiongnu dignitary had died on the way there. Convinced that he had been killed by the Han, Wuwei rejected all offers of peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoewe2000591_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoewe2000591-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 108 BC, Zhao Ponu sallied out with 25,000 cavalry against the Xiongnu but could not find them. He then attacked and subjugated the <a href="Loulan_Kingdom" title="Loulan Kingdom">Loulan Kingdom</a> and <a href="Jushi_Kingdom" title="Jushi Kingdom">Jushi Kingdom</a> with only 700 cavalry<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002161-162_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002161-162-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_successor">Death and successor</h2></div>

<p>Wuwei Chanyu died in 105 BC. His son Wushilu, who was still a child, was proclaimed a <i>chanyu</i> according to their custom of agnatic primogeniture succession, and was named Er Chanyu.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that there were no elder eligible candidates.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoewe200089-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoewe200089_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoewe2000">Loewe 2000</a>, p. 89.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bichurin N.Ya., <i>"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"</i>, vol. 1, p.42</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002159-158-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002159-158_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhiting2002">Whiting 2002</a>, p. 159-158.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bichurin N.Ya., <i>"Collection of Information on Peoples in Central Asia in Ancient Times"</i>, vol. 1, p.43</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoewe2000591-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoewe2000591_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoewe2000">Loewe 2000</a>, p. 591.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002161-162-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiting2002161-162_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhiting2002">Whiting 2002</a>, p. 161-162.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bichurin N.Ya., <i>"Collection of Information on Peoples in Central Asia in Ancient Times"</i>, vol. 1, p.46</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li>Bichurin N.Ya., <i>"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"</i>, vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, reprint Moscow-Leningrad, 1950 (<i>Shiji ch. 110, Qian Han Shu ch. 94a</i>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/China/Bicurin/Sobr_sved_o_narodach/Tom_I/frametext12.htm">[1]</a></li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChang2007" class="citation cs2">Chang, Chun-shu (2007), <i>The Rise of the Chinese Empire 1</i>, The University of Michigan Press</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCosmo2002" class="citation cs2">Cosmo, Nicola Di (2002), <i>Ancient China and Its Enemies</i>, Cambridge University Press</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCosmo2009" class="citation cs2">Cosmo, Nicola di (2009), <i>Military Culture in Imperial China</i>, Harvard University Press</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLoewe2000" class="citation cs2">Loewe, Michael (2000), <i>A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han, and Xin Periods</i>, Brill</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWhiting2002" class="citation cs2">Whiting, Marvin C. (2002), <i>Imperial Chinese Military History</i>, Writers Club Press</cite></li></ul>

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